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Doing a restructure that will end in redundancy might seem like an easy way to exit an employee who underperforms, is disruptive, or doesn’t fit into the team or company environment. But here’s some plain advice: it isn’t!
In a recent ruling by the Employment Relations Authority (ERA), a Christchurch company was ordered to pay a former manager nearly $145,000 for lost wages, interest, and distress and humiliation, after he was unjustifiably dismissed from his position as part of a restructure.
This sizeable award was handed down despite the ERA ruling the restructuring process was done for genuine reasons, and that it was not a ‘sham’ so the company could replace the manager with someone else.
The problem was, the company’s redundancy selection process was flawed and its selection criteria for a new vacant sales and marketing position had an experience clause that deliberately excluded the man from being redeployed into the role.
These were breaches of the employer’s good faith obligations under the Employment Relations Act 2000.
We regularly hear about businesses that are willing to cop a fine to quickly get rid of a bothersome employee using the pretext of a restructure. This ruling and the increasing heft of the fines the ERA is imposing should make it clear that it could cost you far more than you bargained for, even if you have a genuine commercial reason for restructuring the business.
In short, restructuring and redundancy aren’t the right procedures for handling an employee’s bad fit, behaviour, or poor performance.
You need to manage performance or behavioural issues using the proper processes (and make sure your recruitment practices are solid so you don’t hire the wrong people in the first place).
When to restructure
As we’ve discussed in previous posts, restructuring is a process that aims to ensure the company has the right roles set up in the right way to meet its business objectives and customers’ needs.
Restructures are generally triggered by change(s) to the business or its market, things like new opportunities, advances in technology, financial pressures, or other internal factors.
In New Zealand, every restructure is a proposal that must be investigated before it’s implemented. There has to be a genuine commercial imperative for the change and the company has to put its proposal to all staff whose jobs may be affected, ask for their feedback, and consider the feedback in its final decision.
In responding, employees must have access to the same information the company used in forming the proposal (unless there is a really good reason to withhold it).
Employers and employees must act in good faith, treat people equally, and follow fair and reasonable process.
It’s important to remember that restructures focus on roles, not the individuals who do them. Even if the reason to restructure is genuine, if you exit an employee and replace them with someone in largely the same position, you’ll have a tough time justifying the redundancy.
Remember also that employers are obligated to investigate all options for redeploying people whose roles are no longer needed. Redundancy is the last option.
Find out about common mistakes companies make when restructuring
How to deal with poor performance
Ideally, if an employee isn’t performing as expected, the issue would be picked up before you needed to consider dismissal.
Getting the employment relationship off to a solid start and then maintaining it with regular, open communication makes issues easier to raise and resolve.
We stress the importance of having a dynamic performance review system that accurately measures employees’ performance and offers them regular feedback and guidance.
Performance reviews not only clarify objectives and provide a way to measure achievement, they give managers and employees the opportunity to solve problems together.
If an employee’s performance gets increasingly poor and they show little sign of improvement, they may need more targeted performance management – such as a performance improvement plan (PIP) – to get them back on track.
Get more tips for dealing with problem employees
Dealing with bad behaviour
Like poor performance, it’s always better to address negative behaviour when it’s at a low level. This may not be the easiest or most comfortable option, but it is better than letting it get established (at which point it could be affecting the whole team or business).
If the employment relationship is strong, then most issues can be managed and resolved without needing formal process.
It often boils down to making the person aware of the problem and then working with them to change the undesirable behaviour into something more constructive.
Delivering an abrasive tirade might, at times, seem like the best approach, but it could well jeopardise any resolution. It’s far more effective to have people participate in the process to give them a real sense of choice and control.
Of course, misconduct such as bullying, harassment, or using drink or drugs will leave you no option but to take disciplinary action or look at dismissal (if it’s really serious and you can no longer trust them to do the job). Likewise, persistent niggling behaviour and an unwillingness to change will also require a more formal response.
Find out about managing issues before you need to take disciplinary action
From there: disciplinary
We’ve written a lot about the disciplinary process as it’s a procedure that can cause employers headaches.
At its heart, disciplinary is about sending a clear message to a team member that their performance or behaviour is not acceptable and then working to find a productive way forward.
The process is clearly laid out in employment law and must be fair and reasonable at all times. It’s important to get the process right, including presenting your concerns to the employee, allowing them to respond, and then taking that response into account in making a decision. It may result in giving them a written warning or it there may be a reasonable explanation or mitigating circumstance.
Done well, the disciplinary process should motivate the employee to improve. If they don’t, you can hold them closely to account through repeated disciplinary processes.
After two written warnings you can look at dismissal. Obviously, going through three disciplinary processes won’t be a quick fix like a restructure might appear to be, but following correct procedure is far more legally robust. It’s also better for your company’s culture and reputation.
Learn more about the disciplinary process.
Frequently asked questions
What’s the difference between disestablishment and redundancy?
Disestablishment happens to a position. Redundancy happens to a person.
If someone’s job is disestablished, and they successfully apply for another role in the business, then they aren’t made redundant.
However, if their job is disestablished, and there are no other options for them in the business, the outcome will be redundancy.
Do I have to offer an employee whose role is disestablished the newly-created role? Why?
You should always view redundancy as the last option after you’ve explored all redeployment options with your employees. This is part of your good faith obligations under the Employment Relations Act.
If the newly-created role is “substantially similar” (roughly 80% or more similar) to the employee’s current job, or is a suitable alternative (i.e the person can do it with some retraining and it doesn’t involve a pay cut), you have an obligation to offer it to your existing employee.
If the role is significantly different to the one the employee is currently doing, you can choose to invite all affected employees to apply for the position and select the best candidate.
If you exit an employee and replace them with someone in largely the same position (even if it has a different job title), you’ll have a hard time justifying the redundancy.
When can a disestablished position be filled?
If your circumstances have changed, and you now need a position that you had previously disestablished, we recommend waiting a minimum of 3 months before recruiting or hiring for that position.
There’s no legal timeframe, but the longer the better, to show that your business is now in a different position or facing different challenges.
If you have created a new position as part of a restructure, then you can't hire for that position until you have completed the restructure process and confirmed the outcome.
Get answers to more common questions about restructures and redundancies.
